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All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   
0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Mortality 9% Improvement Relative Risk Hospitalization 2% Symp. case -9% Case -7% Aspirin for COVID-19  Ma et al.  Prophylaxis Is prophylaxis with aspirin beneficial for COVID-19? PSM retrospective 77,221 patients in the United Kingdom No significant difference in outcomes seen c19early.org Ma et al., Drugs & Aging, August 2021 Favors aspirin Favors control

Sex Differences in Association Between Anti-Hypertensive Medications and Risk of COVID-19 in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Ma et al., Drugs & Aging, doi:10.1007/s40266-021-00886-y
Aug 2021  
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Aspirin for COVID-19
19th treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2021
 
*, now known with p = 0.00014 from 72 studies, recognized in 2 countries.
Lower risk for mortality and progression.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine complementary and synergistic treatments. * >10% efficacy in meta analysis with ≥3 clinical studies.
3,900+ studies for 60+ treatments. c19early.org
UK Biobank retrospective 77,271 patients aged 50-86, showing no significant differences with aspirin use. Matching lead to different results for the gender vs. overall analysis, for example the overall result for cases was OR 1.07, however both gender results are lower OR 0.97 and 1.02.
risk of death, 9.0% lower, OR 0.91, p = 0.12, treatment 12,471, control 64,750, RR approximated with OR.
risk of hospitalization, 2.0% lower, OR 0.98, p = 0.47, treatment 12,471, control 64,750, RR approximated with OR.
risk of symptomatic case, 9.0% higher, OR 1.09, p = 0.18, treatment 12,471, control 64,750, RR approximated with OR.
risk of case, 7.0% higher, OR 1.07, p = 0.09, treatment 12,471, control 64,750, RR approximated with OR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Ma et al., 18 Aug 2021, retrospective, propensity score matching, United Kingdom, peer-reviewed, 9 authors.
This PaperAspirinAll
Sex Differences in Association Between Anti-Hypertensive Medications and Risk of COVID-19 in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Yue Ma, Yuan Zhang, Shu Li, Hongxi Yang, Huiping Li, Zhi Cao, Fusheng Xu, Li Sun, Yaogang Wang
Drugs & Aging, doi:10.1007/s40266-021-00886-y
Background There is ongoing debate about the associations between drug therapies targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and adverse outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 . Objective This study aims to examine the associations between using medications for the cardiovascular system and the risks associated with COVID-19 in middle-aged and older adults. Methods A total of 77,221 participants (aged 50-86 years) from UK Biobank were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The medications included angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB), β-blockers, calcium channel blockers (CCB), statins, and aspirin. COVID-19 outcomes comprised a positive test result and severity of COVID-19 (defined as mild, hospitalization or death). We evaluated the risk among total participants and for sub-groups based on sex. Propensity score matching was performed 1:1 and logistic regression models were used. Results Among the middle-and older aged participants, no significant associations between any class of medications and the likelihood of COVID-19 infection were observed. ACEI were associated with a higher mortality risk from COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.32) and CCB were associated with a lower hospitalization risk for COVID-19 (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79-0.96) among the male patients with COVID-19, while a lower mortality risk from COVID-19 (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.96) was observed with ARB among the female patients with COVID-19. Conclusions The study suggested sex differences in the risk of death from COVID-19 with the use of ACEI and ARB among middle-aged and older adults. Sex differences in the risk of hospitalization for COVID-19 with the use of CCB was observed as well. It is of clinical importance that clinicians adopt different CVD treatment approaches for female and male patients with COVID-19.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https:// doi. org/ 10. 1007/ s40266-021-00886-y. Declarations Ethics approval This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by the authors. Authors' contributions YW directed the study. YW and YM designed the study and analyzed data. YM developed the first manuscript draft. YW, SL, HY and YZ edited the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript, and all authors contributed to the final version.
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