Benefit may be more likely without coadministered anticoagulants.
Recent:Corral Ware Inokuchi Prieto-Campo.
Aspirin has been officially adopted
in all or part of 2 countries.
Submit updates/corrections .
Apr 18 |
Aspirin for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 73 studies | |
| Statistically significant lower risk is seen for mortality and progression. 29 studies from 27 independent teams in 11 countries show statistically significant improvements. Meta analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows.. | ||
Apr 12 |
et al., Global Journal of Aging & Geriatric Research, doi:10.33552/GJAGR.2024.03.000557 | Early Treatment Outcomes of SARS-Cov-2 with Ivermectin, Nitazoxanide and Acetylsalicylic Acid in 2 Nursing Homes During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Cali, Colombia |
| Retrospective 475 nursing home residents showing low mortality with early treatment using ivermectin, nitazoxanide, and acetylsalicylic acid. All residents were treated when the first positive cases were identified. 87 residents tested po.. | ||
Apr 12 |
et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2024.04.10.24305647 | Incidence and Risk of Post-COVID-19 Thromboembolic Disease and the Impact of Aspirin Prescription; Nationwide Observational Cohort at the US Department of Veteran Affairs. |
| 46% lower mortality (p=0.001). PSM retrospective 334,374 COVID-19 patients showing decreased risk of venous thromboembolism, including pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, but increased risk of arterial thromboembolic disorders, including ischemic stroke and ac.. | ||
Mar 19 |
et al., The Kurume Medical Journal, doi:10.2739/kurumemedj.MS7012003 | Oral Colchicine and Low-Dose Aspirin Combination Therapy for Non-elderly, Non-severe, Early Time From Onset, Adult Outpatients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) during “The Fifth Pandemic Wave” in Japan |
| 67% lower hospitalization (p=0.55) and 24% improved recovery (p=0.72). RCT 38 low risk outpatients in Japan, showing no significant differences for colchicine and low-dose aspirin compared to loxoprofen. Hospitalization was lower, without statistical significance (4.3% vs. 13.3%, p=0.34). There were no criti.. | ||
Mar 7 |
et al., Biomedicines, doi:10.3390/biomedicines12030605 | Insulin and Metformin Administration: Unravelling the Multifaceted Association with Mortality across Various Clinical Settings Considering Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19 |
| 70% higher mortality (p=0.02). Retrospective 430 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes in Poland showing lower mortality with metformin and higher mortality with remdesivir, convalescent plasma, and aspirin in univariable analysis. These results were not.. | ||
Feb 28 |
et al., Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-024-55407-9 | Antiplatelet therapy prior to COVID-19 infection impacts on patients mortality: a propensity score-matched cohort study |
| Retrospective 2,170 hospitalized COVID-19 patients showing lower risk of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation use, and lower 3-month mortality with prior antiplatelet (AP) therapy. AP therapy did not increase bleeding risk. Patients with.. | ||
Jan 6 |
et al., Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition), doi:10.1016/j.rec.2023.12.004 | Impact of prior use of antiplatelets on COVID-19 susceptibility, progression, and severity: a population-based study |
| 13% higher mortality (p=0.38), 3% lower hospitalization (p=0.64), no change in progression (p=0.98), and 8% fewer cases (p=0.02). Population-based case-control study of 86,602 people in Spain, shower lower risk of COVID-19 cases with low-dose aspirin, but no significant difference for severity, hospitalization, or mortality. | ||
Dec 18 2023 |
et al., Frontiers in Public Health, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280434 | Drug prescription patterns and their association with mortality and hospitalization duration in COVID-19 patients: insights from big data |
| 16% lower mortality (p<0.0001). Retrospective study of 917,198 hospitalized COVID-19 cases covered by the Iran Health Insurance Organization over 26 months showing that antithrombotics, corticosteroids, and antivirals reduced mortality while diuretics, antibiotics, and.. | ||
Oct 18 2023 |
et al., Journal of Infection, doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2023.10.009 | Analysis of blood and nasal epithelial transcriptomes to identify mechanisms associated with control of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the upper respiratory tract |
| Blood and nasal epithelial transcriptomic analysis suggesting potential benefits of several treatments including: Vitamin E: transcriptomic analysis revealed that the AIPL1 module, which contains genes connected to vitamin E (α-tocopherol.. | ||
Jul 17 2023 |
et al., Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, doi:10.1155/2023/5205188 | Survival and Mortality in Hospitalized Children with COVID-19: A Referral Center Experience in Yazd, Iran |
| 96% lower mortality (p=0.22). Retrospective 183 hospitalized pediatric COVID-19 patients in Iran, showing no significant difference in mortality with in unadjusted results. | ||
Jun 2 2023 |
et al., Heart, doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2023-BCS.211 | Aspirin is associated with lower risks of severe covid-19 disease: a population-based study |
| 67% lower combined mortality/intubation (p=0.0003). PSM retrospective 2,664 COVID-19 hospitalized patients receiving steroids/antiviral therapy in Hong Kong, showing lower risk of combined death/intubation with aspirin use. | ||
Mar 29 2023 |
et al., Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-023-31944-7 | Mortality rates of severe COVID-19-related respiratory failure with and without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the Middle Ruhr Region of Germany |
| 10% higher mortality (p=0.43). Retrospective 149 patients under invasive mechanical ventilation in Germany showing no significant difference in mortality with aspirin prophylaxis in unadjusted results. | ||
Feb 17 2023 |
et al., Journal of Nephropharmacology, doi:10.34172/npj.2023.10506 | A study on the effect of aspirin on clinical symptoms, laboratory indices, and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 |
| no change in mortality (p=1). Retrospective 131 COVID-19 patients with aspirin use and 131 matched controls in Iran, showing no significant difference in outcomes, however age matching used only two categories, 40-60 and 60+, therefore matching may be very poor given .. | ||
Jan 30 2023 |
et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274243 | A randomized controlled trial to evaluate outcomes with Aggrenox in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| 20% lower ventilation (p=1), 29% lower ICU admission (p=0.76), and 33% lower progression (p=0.74). RCT 98 hospitalized patients in the USA, 49 treated with aspirin and dipyridamole, showing improved results with treatment, but without statistical significance. | ||
Jan 24 2023 |
et al., Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, doi:10.26717/BJSTR.2023.48.007623 | Association Study of Aspirin and Atorvastatin with Covid-19 Hospitalization: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study in Tehran |
| Retrospective 7,696 patients in Iran, showing aspirin use associated with a lower COVID-19 hospitalization rate for non-hypertensive patients. For hypertensive patients, there was no statistically significant association. Authors do not p.. | ||
Dec 20 2022 |
et al., Innovation in Aging, doi:10.1093/geroni/igac059.3047 | Effect of aspirin in COVID-19 outcomes of older adults with a history of coronary artery disease |
| 37% lower mortality (p=0.28) and 1% higher ICU admission (p=0.79). Retrospective 4,017 coronary artery disease patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the USA, showing no significant difference in outcomes with low dose aspirin use. | ||
Nov 30 2022 |
et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2313880/v1 | The impact of asprin use on the outcome of patients admitted to the intensive care unit with COVID-19 infection |
| 31% lower mortality (p=0.003) and 10% lower ventilation (p=0.33). Prospective study of 1,124 COVID-19 ICU patients, showing lower mortality with aspirin treatment. | ||
Nov 19 2022 |
et al., Chest, doi:10.1016/j.chest.2022.11.013 | Cardiovascular complications are the primary drivers of mortality in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 community-acquired pneumonia |
| 28% lower mortality (p=0.07). Retrospective 1,645 hospitalized patients in the USA, showing lower mortality with aspirin use, without statistical significance. | ||
Nov 15 2022 |
et al., Medicina, doi:10.3390/medicina58111649 | Analysis of Prior Aspirin Treatment on in-Hospital Outcome of Geriatric COVID-19 Infected Patients |
| 16% higher mortality (p=0.57) and 16% higher ICU admission (p=0.57). Retrospective 201 consecutive elderly hospitalized patients in Spain, showing higher mortality with aspirin use in unadjusted results. The aspirin group was older and had higher prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Table 1 shows t.. | ||
Oct 31 2022 |
et al., Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, doi:10.1080/11101849.2022.2139104 | Effect of Aspirin Use on clinical Outcome among Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 |
| 40% lower mortality (p<0.0001) and 37% lower ARDS (p=0.001). Retrospective 1,190 ICU patients in Egypt, showing lower mortality with aspirin treatment. 150mg daily. | ||
Oct 29 2022 |
et al., Biology Methods and Protocols, doi:10.1093/biomethods/bpac027 | All-cause and In-hospital Mortality after Aspirin Use in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |
| 14% lower mortality (p=0.02). Systematic review and meta analysis of 11 aspirin COVID-19 studies, showing lower in-hospital mortality with treatment. | ||
Oct 18 2022 |
et al., Journal of Clinical Medicine, doi:10.3390/jcm11206138 | Early Outpatient Treatment of COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis of 392 Cases in Italy |
| Retrospective 392 outpatients in Italy showing 0.2% mortality with early treatment, compared with >3% in Italy at the time. Treatment varied for individual patients and included HCQ, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin A, zinc, quercetin, bromh.. | ||
Oct 10 2022 |
et al., The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00299-5 | Colchicine and aspirin in community patients with COVID-19 (ACT): an open-label, factorial, randomised, controlled trial |
| 9% higher mortality (p=0.84), 20% lower progression (p=0.21), and 17% lower hospitalization (p=0.31). Late (5.4 days) outpatient RCT showing no significant difference in outcomes with aspirin treatment. | ||
Oct 10 2022 |
et al., The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00298-3 | Colchicine and the combination of rivaroxaban and aspirin in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 (ACT): an open-label, factorial, randomised, controlled trial |
| 5% higher mortality (p=0.66) and 8% lower progression (p=0.32). RCT very late stage (baseline SpO2 77%) patients, showing no significant differences with rivaroxaban and aspirin treatment. | ||
Oct 10 2022 |
et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275787 | COVID-19 outcomes in patients taking cardioprotective medications |
| 8% lower mortality (p=0.52), 1% higher ventilation (p=0.96), 12% higher ICU admission (p=0.36), and 18% higher hospitalization (p=0.04). Retrospective 13,585 COVID+ patients in the USA, showing higher hospitalization with aspirin use, and no significant difference for mortality, ventilation, and ICU admission. | ||
Oct 3 2022 |
et al., Journal of Pharmaceutical Care, doi:10.18502/jpc.v10i3.10790 | Evaluating the Effects of Clinical Characteristics and Therapeutic Regimens on Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID-19 |
| 123% higher mortality (p=0.008). Retrospective 478 moderate to severe hospitalized patients in Iran, showing higher mortality with aspirin treatment. Authors note confounding by indication for aspirin treatment. | ||
Sep 27 2022 |
et al., Vaccines, doi:10.3390/vaccines10101619 | Acetylsalicylic Acid and Salicylic Acid Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Precision-Cut Lung Slices |
| In Vitro study showing that aspirin and metabolite salicylic acid inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral replication in Vero, A549-ACE2, and Huh-7 cells, and in human precision-cut lung slices. Results indicate inhibition of post-entry pathways. | ||
Aug 16 2022 |
et al., Virology Journal, doi:10.1186/s12985-023-02195-9 (date from preprint) | Real-world evidence with a retrospective cohort of 15,968 COVID-19 hospitalized patients suggests 21 new effective treatments |
| 18% lower mortality (p=0.0004). Retrospective 15,968 COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Spain, showing lower mortality with existing use of several medications including metformin, HCQ, azithromycin, aspirin, vitamin D, vitamin C, and budesonide. Since only hospitalized .. | ||
Aug 11 2022 |
et al., American Heart Journal Plus: Cardiology Research and Practice, doi:10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100191 | Aspirin use is associated with decreased inpatient mortality in patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis |
| 29% lower mortality (p=0.0003). Meta analysis of 14 studies with 164,539 patients, showing lower mortality with aspirin. | ||
Aug 4 2022 |
et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2022.08.03.22278392 | Association of mortality and aspirin use for COVID-19 residents at VA Community Living Center Nursing Homes |
| 33% lower mortality (p=0.03) and 20% lower hospitalization (p=0.13). Retrospective 1,687 nursing home residents in the USA, showing significantly lower risk of mortality with chronic low-dose aspirin use. Low dose 81mg aspirin users had treatment ≥10 of 14 days prior to the positive COVID date, control pat.. | ||
Jul 11 2022 |
et al., Health Science Reports, doi:10.1002/hsr2.699 | Effect of low dose acetylsalicylic acid and anticoagulant on clinical outcomes in COVID-19, analytical cross-sectional study |
| 14% lower mortality (p=0.72), 28% lower ICU admission (p=0.17), 25% lower ARDS (p=0.39), and 2% lower hospitalization (p=0.94). Retrospective 539 patients in the USA, showing lower mortality, ICU admission, and ARDS with aspirin treatment, without statistical significance. | ||
Jul 9 2022 |
et al., BMC Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07570-5 | Statin and aspirin as adjuvant therapy in hospitalised patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a randomised clinical trial (RESIST trial) |
| 22% lower mortality (p=0.62), 9% lower ventilation (p=0.8), and 30% lower progression (p=0.46). RCT hospitalized patients in India, 224 treated with atorvastatin, 225 with aspirin, and 225 with both, showing lower serum interleukin-6 levels with aspirin, but no statistically significant changes in other outcomes. Low dose aspirin 75.. | ||
Jun 22 2022 |
et al., Journal of the American Heart Association, doi:10.1161/JAHA.121.024530 | Aspirin Therapy on Prophylactic Anticoagulation for Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Analysis of the HOPE-COVID-19 Registry |
| 38% lower mortality (p=0.02). HOPE-COVID-19 PSM retrospective 7,824 patients, comparing prophylactic anticoagulation with and without additional treatment with aspirin in hospitalized patients, showing lower mortality with aspirin treatment. | ||
Jun 17 2022 |
et al., Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis, doi:10.1002/rth2.12743 | No association of low-dose aspirin with severe COVID-19 in France: A cohort of 31.1 million people without cardiovascular disease |
| 4% higher combined mortality/intubation (p=0.18) and 3% higher hospitalization (p=0.05). Retrospective 31 million people without cardiovascular disease in France, showing no significant difference in hospitalization or combined intubation/death with low dose aspirin prophylaxis. | ||
May 30 2022 |
et al., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.25467 | Efficacy and Safety of Aspirin, Promethazine, and Micronutrients for Rapid Clinical Recovery in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial |
| 89% improved recovery (p=0.05). RCT 260 patients in India, 130 treated with aspirin, promethazine, vitamin C, D, B3, zinc, and selenium, showing faster recovery with treatment. There was no hospitalization, ICU admission, or supplemental oxygen requirements in either gr.. | ||
May 5 2022 |
et al., Archivos de Bronconeumología, doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2022.07.017 (date from preprint) | Pre-hospital aspirin use and patient outcomes in COVID-19: Results from the International Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS) |
| 11% lower mortality (p=0.01), 22% lower ICU admission (p<0.0001), and 9% lower progression (p=0.02). Retrospective 21,579 hospitalized COVID-19 patients mostly in the USA, showing lower risk of mortality and severity with existing aspirin use. | ||
May 5 2022 |
et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267462 | Chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen and relationship with mortality among United States Veterans after testing positive for COVID-19 |
| 3% lower mortality (p=0.06). Retrospective 28,856 COVID-19 patients in the USA, showing no significant difference in mortality for chronic aspirin use vs. sporadic NSAID use. Since aspirin is available OTC and authors only tracked prescriptions, many patients classif.. | ||
Mar 24 2022 |
et al., JAMA Network Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.3890 | Association of Early Aspirin Use With In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Moderate COVID-19 |
| 13% lower mortality (p<0.0001). Retrospective 112,269 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the USA, showing lower mortality with aspirin treatment. | ||
Mar 22 2022 |
et al., JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2022.2910 | Effect of Antiplatelet Therapy on Survival and Organ Support–Free Days in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial |
| 16% lower mortality (p=0.05), 17% higher hospital discharge (p=0.08), and 21% lower progression (p=0.02). RCT 1,557 critical patients, showing significantly lower mortality with aspirin, with 97.5% posterior probability of efficacy. | ||
Mar 9 2022 |
et al., World Journal of Critical Care Medicine, doi:10.5492/wjccm.v11.i2.92 | Retrospective analysis of aspirin's role in the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia |
| 6% higher mortality (p=0.87), 50% lower ventilation (p=0.16), and 49% lower ICU admission (p=0.41). Retrospective 125 COVID+ hospitalized patients in the USA, showing no significant differences with aspirin prophylaxis. | ||
Feb 28 2022 |
et al., Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, doi:10.17305/bjbms.2021.7009 | The impact of vitamin and mineral supplements usage prior to COVID-19 infection on disease severity and hospitalization |
| 4% lower hospitalization (p=0.08) and 18% higher severe cases (p=0.28). Retrospective 2,148 COVID-19 recovered patients in Jordan, showing no significant differences in the risk of severity and hospitalization with aspirin prophylaxis. | ||
Jan 31 2022 |
et al., Gerontology, doi:10.1159/000521412 | Frail Older Adults with Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical Course and Prognosis |
| 26% lower combined mortality/hospitalization (p=0.13). Retrospective 849 COVID-19+ patients in skilled nursing homes, showing lower risk of combined hospitalization/death with aspirin prophylaxis, not reaching statistical significance. | ||
Jan 24 2022 |
et al., Archives of Medical Research, doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.01.002 | A Multimodal Strategy to Reduce the Risk of Hospitalization/death in Ambulatory Patients with COVID-19 |
| 59% lower combined mortality/hospitalization (p<0.0001), 15% lower mortality (p=0.16), 9% lower ventilation (p=0.51), and 48% lower hospitalization (p<0.0001). Retrospective 28,048 COVID+ patients in Mexico, 7,898 receiving a treatment kit including low dose ivermectin, AZ, aspirin, and acetaminophen, shower lower mortality/hospitalization for those receiving the kit. Delivery of the treatment k.. | ||
Jan 8 2022 |
et al., Pharmaceuticals, doi:10.3390/ph15010078 | A Case-Control of Patients with COVID-19 to Explore the Association of Previous Hospitalisation Use of Medication on the Mortality of COVID-19 Disease: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis |
| 31% higher mortality (p=0.04). PSM retrospective 3,712 hospitalized patients in Spain, showing lower mortality with existing use of azithromycin, bemiparine, budesonide-formoterol fumarate, cefuroxime, colchicine, enoxaparin, ipratropium bromide, loratadine, mepyramine.. | ||
Jan 7 2022 |
et al., GeroScience, doi:10.1007/s11357-021-00499-8 | Premorbid aspirin use is not associated with lower mortality in older inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia |
| 10% higher mortality (p=0.52), 110% higher ICU admission (p=0.007), and 10% longer hospitalization (p=0.02). Retrospective 1,047 pneumonia patients in 5 COVID-19 geriatric units in France and Switzerland, significantly higher ICU admission and longer hospital stays with existing aspirin treatment. Numbers in this study appear to be inconsistent,.. | ||
Dec 29 2021 |
et al., Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, doi:10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100101 | Pattern of medication utilization in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in three District Headquarters Hospitals in the Punjab province of Pakistan |
| 44% lower mortality (p=0.28). Retrospective 444 hospitalized patients in Pakistan, showing lower mortality with aspirin treatment in unadjusted results, not reaching statistical significance. | ||
Dec 24 2021 |
et al., International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, doi:10.24911/IJMDC.51-1640383699 | A systematic review and meta-analysis on efficacy of low dose aspirin on the management of COVID-19 |
| 49% lower mortality (p<0.0001) and 30% lower ventilation (p=0.006). Meta analysis of 8 studies showing significantly lower mortality and mechanical ventilation with low dose aspirin. | ||
Nov 29 2021 |
et al., Internal and Emergency Medicine, doi:10.1007/s11739-021-02870-1 | Does admission acetylsalicylic acid uptake in hospitalized COVID-19 patients have a protective role? Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry |
| 3% higher mortality (p=0.48), 3% higher ventilation (p=0.75), and 4% higher ICU admission (p=0.65). Retrospective 20,641 hospitalized patients in Spain, showing no significant difference in outcomes with existing aspirin use. | ||
Nov 18 2021 |
, The Lancet, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01825-0 | Aspirin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial |
| 4% lower mortality (p=0.35), 5% lower ventilation (p=0.32), 6% higher hospital discharge (p=0.006), and 11% shorter hospitalization. RCT 14,892 late stage patients, 7,351 treated with aspirin, showing slightly improved discharge and hospitalization time, and no significant difference for mortality. Results are limited due to low dose (150mg daily), very late treatment .. | ||
Oct 14 2021 |
et al., European Heart Journal, doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3002 | Antiplatelet therapy and outcome in patients with COVID-19. Results from a multi-center international prospective registry (HOPE-COVID19) |
| 71% lower mortality (p<0.0001). Retrospective database analysis of 7,824 patients in the HOPE-COVID19 registry, 730 receiving antiplatelet therapy including aspirin, showing lower mortality with treatment. Authors do not provide results restricted to aspirin. | ||
Oct 11 2021 |
et al., JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2021.1727283 | Effect of Antithrombotic Therapy on Clinical Outcomes in Outpatients With Clinically Stable Symptomatic COVID-19 |
| 67% lower hospitalization (p=0.49) and 19% lower progression (p=0.78). Early terminated RCT with 164 aspirin and 164 control patients in the USA with very few events, showing no significant difference with aspirin treatment for the combined endpoint of all-cause mortality, symptomatic venous or arterial thro.. | ||
Oct 4 2021 |
et al., Medicina Clínica, doi:10.1016/j.medcle.2021.02.010 | Prognostic factors at admission on patients with cancer and COVID-19: Analysis of HOPE registry data |
| 49% higher mortality (p=0.0001). Retrospective 770 COVID-19 patients with cancer, showing increased mortality with aspirin use in unadjusted results. | ||
Oct 4 2021 |
et al., International Journal of Cardiology, doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.09.058 | Pre-admission acetylsalicylic acid therapy and impact on in-hospital outcome in COVID-19 patients: The ASA-CARE study |
| 7% higher mortality (p=0.65) and 30% lower combined mortality/intubation (p=0.01). Retrospective 984 COVID-19 patients, 253 taking aspirin prior to admission, showing lower risk of respiratory support upgrade with treatment. | ||
Oct 2 2021 |
et al., Metabolites, doi:10.3390/metabo11100679 | Clinical Predictors of Mortality and Critical Illness in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia |
| 13% higher mortality (p=0.0003). Retrospective 390 hospitalized patients in Israel, showing higher risk of mortality with prior aspirin use. Details of the analysis are not provided. | ||
Oct 1 2021 |
et al., Anesthesiology, doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000003999 | Treatments Associated with Lower Mortality among Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
| 43% lower mortality (p=0.0006). Retrospective 2,070 hospitalized patients in the USA, showing lower mortality with aspirin treatment. | ||
Sep 4 2021 |
et al., Medicina, doi:10.3390/medicina57090931 | Aspirin Is Related to Worse Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 |
| 700% higher mortality (p=0.03), 433% higher ventilation (p=0.14), 433% higher ICU admission (p=0.14), and 33% fewer cases (p=0.29). Retrospective database analysis of 22,660 patients tested for COVID-19 in South Korea. There was no significant difference in cases according to aspirin use. Aspirin use before COVID-19 was related to an increased death rate and aspirin u.. | ||
Sep 3 2021 |
et al., Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, doi:10.1177/08850666221093229 | Evaluation of Low-Dose Aspirin use among Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Propensity Score Matched Study |
| 27% lower mortality (p=0.03). Retrospective 1,033 critical condition patients, showing lower in-hospital mortality with aspirin in PSM analysis. Patients receiving aspirin also had a higher risk of significant bleeding, although not reaching statistical significance. .. | ||
Sep 1 2021 |
et al., Microbial Drug Resistance, doi:10.1089/mdr.2020.0489 | Multidrug-Resistant Infections and Outcome of Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Single Center Experience |
| 46% lower mortality (p=0.63). Retrospective 32 ICU patients showing lower mortality with aspirin treatment, without statistical significance. | ||
Aug 29 2021 |
et al., Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, doi:10.1111/jth.15517 | Association of Pre-Hospital Antiplatelet Therapy with Survival in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis |
| 19% lower mortality (p=0.005) and 3% lower ventilation (p=0.21). PSM retrospective 6,781 hospitalized patients ≥50 years old in the USA who were on pre-hospital antiplatelet therapy (84% aspirin), and 10,566 matched controls, showing lower mortality with treatment. | ||
Aug 18 2021 |
et al., Drugs & Aging, doi:10.1007/s40266-021-00886-y | Sex Differences in Association Between Anti-Hypertensive Medications and Risk of COVID-19 in Middle-Aged and Older Adults |
| 9% lower mortality (p=0.12), 2% lower hospitalization (p=0.47), 9% more symptomatic cases (p=0.18), and 7% more cases (p=0.09). UK Biobank retrospective 77,271 patients aged 50-86, showing no significant differences with aspirin use. Matching lead to different results for the gender vs. overall analysis, for example the overall result for cases was OR 1.07, howeve.. | ||
Jul 30 2021 |
et al., Medicine, doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000026670 | Effect of aspirin on coronavirus disease 2019 |
| 24% lower mortality (p=0.52), 7% higher progression (p=0.8), and 11% more cases (p=0.21). PSM retrospective case control study in South Korea, showing a trend towards lower mortality, but no significant differences with aspirin use. | ||
Jul 30 2021 |
et al., Clinical Drug Investigation, doi:10.1007/s40261-021-01061-2 | Acetylsalicylic Acid Compared with Enoxaparin for the Prevention of Thrombosis and Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
| 8% higher ventilation (p=0.93). Retrospective 225 hospitalized patients in Egypt, showing significantly lower thromboembolic events with aspirin treatment, but no significant difference in the need for mechanical ventilation. | ||
Jul 20 2021 |
et al., Identification of Biomarkers, New Treatments, and Vaccines for COVID-19, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71697-4_17 | Association of In-hospital Use of Statins, Aspirin, and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Inhibitors with Mortality and ICU Admission Due to COVID-19 |
| 22% lower mortality (p=0.56) and 10% higher ICU admission (p=0.67). Retrospective 587 COVID+ hospitalized patients in Iran, showing no significant differences in outcomes with aspirin treatment. | ||
Jun 30 2021 |
et al., Journal of Infection, doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.02.008 | Oral corticoid, aspirin, anticoagulant, colchicine, and furosemide to improve the outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients - the COCAA-COLA cohort study |
| 96% lower progression (p=0.0005). Observational study in France with 28 hospitalized patients treated with prednisone/furosemide/colchicine/salicylate/direct anti-Xa inhibitor, and 40 control patients, showing lower combined mortality, ventilation, or high-flow oxygen the.. | ||
Jun 17 2021 |
et al., Yonsei Medical Journal, doi:10.3349/ymj.2021.62.7.577 | Incidence and Mortality Associated with Cardiovascular Medication among Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients in South Korea |
| 1% lower mortality (p=0.95) and 12% fewer cases (p=0.04). Retrospective database analysis of 328,374 adults in South Korea, showing lower risk of COVID-19 cases with aspirin use, but no difference in mortality for COVID-19 patients. | ||
May 26 2021 |
et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-365321/v2 | Case Characteristics, Clinical Data, And Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients In Qom Province, Iran: A Prospective Cohort Study |
| 32% higher mortality (p=0.04). Prospective study of 2,468 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Iran, showing higher mortality with aspirin treatment. IR.MUQ.REC.1399.013. | ||
May 26 2021 |
et al., Heart & Lung, doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.04.010 | Pre-hospital antiplatelet medication use on COVID-19 disease severity |
| 13% higher mortality (p=0.63) and 2% higher combined mortality/intubation (p=0.93). Retrospective 762 COVID+ hospitalized patients in the USA, 239 on antiplatelet medication (199 aspirin), showing no significant differences in outcomes. For more discussion see [sciencedirect.com]. | ||
May 19 2021 |
et al., Vascular Medicine, doi:10.1177/1358863X211012754 | Effect of aspirin on short-term outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 |
| 13% lower mortality (p=0.53). PSM retrospective 1,994 PCR+ patients in the USA, not showing a significant difference in mortality with aspirin treatment. | ||
May 2 2021 |
et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.04.28.21256261 | Aspirin and NSAID use and the risk of COVID-19 |
| 22% lower progression (p=0.3) and 3% more cases (p=0.8). Retrospective 2,736,091 individuals in the U.S., U.K., and Sweden, showing lower risk of hospital/clinic visits with aspirin use. | ||
Apr 30 2021 |
et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251085 | Epidemiology, outcomes, and utilization of intensive care unit resources for critically ill COVID-19 patients in Libya: A prospective multi-center cohort study |
| 10% lower mortality (p=0.5). Prospective study of 465 COVID-19 ICU patients in Libya showing no significant differences with treatment. | ||
Apr 29 2021 |
et al., Journal of Medical Virology, doi:10.1002/jmv.27053 | Decreased in-hospital mortality associated with aspirin administration in hospitalized patients due to severe COVID-19 |
| 25% lower mortality (p=0.04). Retrospective 991 hospitalized patients in Iran, showing lower mortality with aspirin treatment. | ||
Apr 20 2021 |
et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.04.13.21255438 | Cyclooxygenase inhibitor use is associated with increased COVID-19 severity |
| 61% higher mortality (p<0.0001) and 309% higher severe cases (p<0.0001). N3C retrospective 250,533 patients showing significantly higher mortality with aspirin use. Note that aspirin results were not included in the journal version or v2 of this preprint. | ||
Apr 7 2021 |
et al., BMJ Open, doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042042 | 3219 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in Southeast Michigan: a retrospective case cohort study |
| 14% higher mortality (p=0.21). Retrospective database analysis of 3,219 hospitalized patients in the USA. Very different results in the time period analysis (Table S2), and results significantly different to other studies for the same medications (e.g., heparin OR 3.06.. | ||
Apr 1 2021 |
et al., Anesthesia & Analgesia, doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000005292 | Aspirin Use Is Associated With Decreased Mechanical Ventilation, Intensive Care Unit Admission, and In-Hospital Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 |
| 47% lower mortality (p=0.02), 44% lower ventilation (p=0.007), and 43% lower ICU admission (p=0.007). Retrospective 412 hospitalized patients, 98 treated with aspirin, showing lower mortality, ventilation, and ICU admission with treatment. | ||
Mar 31 2021 |
et al., Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00689-y (date from preprint) | Real-world evidence for improved outcomes with histamine antagonists and aspirin in 22,560 COVID-19 patients |
| 15% lower mortality (p=0.08). PSM retrospective TriNetX database analysis of 1,379 severe COVID-19 patients requiring respiratory support, showing lower mortality with aspirin (not reaching statistical significance) and famotidine, and improved results from the combin.. | ||
Feb 28 2021 |
et al., Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, doi:10.1002/cpt.2376 (date from preprint) | DrugWAS: Drug‐wide Association Studies for COVID‐19 Drug Repurposing |
| 1% lower ventilation (p=0.97). Retrospective 9,748 COVID-19 patients in the USA showing no signficant difference with aspirin use. | ||
Feb 23 2021 |
et al., The FEBS Journal, doi:10.1111/febs.15784 | The use of aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is associated with a lower likelihood of COVID-19 infection |
| 28% fewer cases (p=0.04) and 10% faster viral clearance (p=0.05). Retrospective 10,477 patients in Israel, showing lower risk of COVID-19 cases with existing aspiring use. | ||
Feb 12 2021 |
et al., Medicine, doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000024544 | Effect of low-dose aspirin on mortality and viral duration of the hospitalized adults with COVID-19 |
| 75% lower mortality (p=0.03) and 2% slower viral clearance (p=0.94). Retrospective PSM analysis of 232 hospitalized patients, 28 treated with aspirin, showing lower mortality with treatment. There was no significant difference in viral clearance. | ||
Feb 11 2021 |
et al., PloS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246825 | Association of mortality and aspirin prescription for COVID-19 patients at the Veterans Health Administration |
| 59% lower mortality (p<0.0001). Retrospective PSM analysis of pre-existing aspirin use in the USA, showing lower mortality with treatment. | ||
Jan 21 2021 |
et al., American Journal of Hematology, doi:10.1002/ajh.26102 | Intermediate-dose anticoagulation, aspirin, and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19: A propensity score-matched analysis |
| 48% lower mortality (p=0.004). Retrospective 638 matched hospitalized patients in the USA, 319 treated with aspirin, showing lower mortality with treatment. | ||
Dec 28 2020 |
et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-133358/v1 | Association between prior cardiometabolic therapy and in-hospital mortality in very old patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus hospitalized due to COVID-19. A nationwide observational study in Spain |
| 29% higher mortality (p=0.02). Retrospective 790 hospitalized type 2 diabetes patients ≥80 years old in Spain, showing higher mortality with existing aspirin use. | ||
Dec 18 2020 |
et al., Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, doi:10.1111/jcmm.16198 | Mortality and pre-hospitalization use of low-dose aspirin in COVID-19 patients with coronary artery disease |
| 4% lower mortality (p=0.89). Retrospective 183 hospitalized patients in China, 52 taking low-dose aspirin prior to hospitalization, showing no significant difference with treatment. | ||
Nov 5 2020 |
et al., Blood, doi:10.1182/blood-2020-143349 | Admission Rothman Index, Aspirin, and Intermediate Dose Anticoagulation Effects on Outcomes in COVID-19: A Multi-Site Propensity Matched Analysis |
| 35% lower mortality (p=0.04), 49% higher ventilation (p=0.04), and 45% higher ICU admission (p=0.02). PSM retrospective 2,785 hospitalized patients in the USA, showing lower mortality and higher ventilation and ICU admission with aspirin treatment. | ||
Oct 31 2020 |
et al., ResearchGate, doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.26038.93762/2 | Beneficial effect of low dose aspirin (Acetyl salicylic acid) in adult Covid-19 patients: a retrospective observational study in Bangladesh |
| 96% lower progression (p=0.001). Retrospective 42 patients in Bangladesh, 11 treated with aspirin, showing fewer complications with treatment. | ||
Sep 9 2020 |
et al., Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2020, 252, 73-84, doi:10.1620/tjem.252.73 | Mortality Risk Factors among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a Major Referral Center in Iran |
| 28% higher mortality (p=0.52). Retrospective 459 patients in Iran, 53 treated with aspirin, showing no significant difference with treatment. | ||
Jul 14 2020 |
et al., Journal of Hematology & Oncology, doi:10.1186/s13045-020-00934-x | A tertiary center experience of multiple myeloma patients with COVID-19: lessons learned and the path forward |
| 58% lower mortality (p=0.43). Retrospective 58 multiple myeloma COVID-19 patients in the USA, showing no significant difference with aspirin treatment. | ||
May 7 2020 |
et al., Journal of Hypertension, doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000002515 | Influence of inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system on risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome in Danish hospitalized COVID-19 patients |
| 34% higher combined mortality/ICU admission (p=0.09). Retrospective 689 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Denmark, showing higher risk of ICU/death with aspirin use in unadjusted results subject to confounding by indication. | ||
May 4 2020 |
et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.20089904 | Association of previous medications with the risk of COVID-19: a nationwide claims-based study from South Korea |
| 71% fewer cases (p=0.001). Retrospective database analysis of 65,149 in South Korea, showing significantly lower cases with existing aspirin treatment. The journal version of this paper does not present the aspirin results (only combined results for NSAIDs). | ||
Dec 1 1990 |
et al., Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1093/infdis/162.6.1277 | Adverse Effects of Aspirin, Acetaminophen, and Ibuprofen on Immune Function, Viral Shedding, and Clinical Status in Rhinovirus-Infected Volunteers |
| RCT examining the effects of aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen on immune function, virus shedding, and clinical symptoms in 60 healthy volunteers experimentally infected with rhinovirus type 2. The study found that aspirin and acetami.. | ||
Apr 30 1988 |
et al., Journal of Interferon Research, doi:10.1089/jir.1988.8.143 | Hyperthermia in Humans Enhances Interferon-γ Synthesis and Alters the Peripheral Lymphocyte Population |
| Analysis of induced hyperthermia (high body temperature) showing 10 times greater interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production and increased natural killer cells. This response was observed at a core body temperature of ~39°C, highlighting its pot.. | ||
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments.
c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from
thousands of papers. Community updates
help ensure high accuracy.
Treatments and other interventions are complementary.
All practical, effective, and safe
means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis.
No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current
and future variants.
We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication,
consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details
of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH
provide treatment protocols.
Thanks for your feedback! Please search before submitting papers and note
that studies are listed under the date they were first available, which may be
the date of an earlier preprint.